301: San Marino, one of the smallest nations in the world and the world’s oldest republic still in existence, founded by Saint Marinus 1650: Battle of Dunbar; Oliver Cromwell’s English New Model Army defeats Scottish force in surprise attack 1783: Treaty of Paris signed in Paris ends the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and United States of America […]
31 BC: Battle of Actium: decisive naval battle that effectively ends the Roman Republic. Octavian’s forces defeat those under Mark Antony and Cleopatra off the western coast of Greece. 1192: Sultan Saladin and King Richard the Lionheart of England sign treaty over Jerusalem, at end of the Third Crusade 1666: Great Fire of London begins at 2am in Pudding Lane, 80% of London is destroyed 1792: September Massacres of […]
1715: King Louis XIV of France dies after a reign of 72 years—the longest of any major European monarch. 1878: 1st female telephone operator starts work, Emma Nutt for the Edwin Holmes Telephone Despatch Company in Boston 1905: Wilfrid Laurier oversees Alberta and Saskatchewan joining the Confederation of Canada as its 8th and 9th Canadian provinces 1939: World War II starts when […]
1142: Possible date for establishment of the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) League [disputed date – other research places date between 1450 and 1660] 1888: The body of Jack the Ripper’s first victim, Mary Ann Nichols, is found in Whitechapel in London’s East End 1917: In China, Sun Yat-sen and his supporters’ ‘rump’ parliament establishes a military government and elects Sun Yat-sen as commander-in-Chief […]
1146: European leaders outlaw the crossbow, intending to end war for all time 1363: Beginning of the Battle of Lake Poyang; two Chinese rebel leaders Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang are pitted against each other in what was one of the largest naval battles in history during Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty 1590: Tokugawa Ieyasu enters Edo Castle (Traditional Japanese date: […]
1526: Battle of Mohács: In a decisive battle the Hungarian Empire is conquered by the Ottoman Empire led by Suleiman the Magnificent 1825: Portugal recognizes the Independence of Brazil 1842: Great Britain and China sign Treaty of Nanking, ending the Opium war 1862: Second Battle of Bull Run, fought in Manassas, Virginia begins, Confederate victory (US Civil War) 1949: USSR performs […]
1189: Third Crusade: the Crusaders begin the Siege of Acre under Guy of Lusignan 1609: English explorer Henry Hudson, discovers and explores Delaware Bay 1830: 1st American built locomotive, “Tom Thumb” races a horse-drawn car from Stockton and Stokes stagecoach company from Baltimore to Ellicott Mills. Let history record that due to mechanical problems the horse won! 1845: Scientific American magazine publishes […]
479 BC: Greco-Persian Wars: Battle of Plataea, Persian forces led by Mardonius routed by Greek army under Pausanias; together with Greek success at Battle of Mycale halts Persian invasion of Greece 479 BC: Greco-Persian Wars: Battle of Mycale won by Greek forces over Persian naval troops on Ionian coast, double victory with that at Plataea ends Persian […]
1346: Battle of Crécy, south of Calais in northern France; Edward III’s English longbows defeat Philip VI’s army, cannons used for first time in battle 1682: English astronomer Edmond Halley first observes the comet named after him 1873: First free kindergarten in the U.S. started by Susan Blow in Carondelet, a suburb of St. Louis, Missouri 1924: The Catastrophe of Smyrna: known as the […]
1609: Galileo demonstrates his 1st telescope to Venetian lawmakers 1718: Hundreds of French colonists arrive in Louisiana; New Orleans founded 1768: Captain James Cook departs from Plymouth, England, on his first voyage on board the Endeavour, bound for the Pacific Ocean 1894: Japanese scientist Shibasaburo Kitasato discovers the infectious agent of the bubonic plague and publishes his findings in The Lancet 1944: French General Charles […]
