42 BC: Roman Republican civil wars: Second Battle of Philippi – Brutus’s army is decisively defeated by Mark Antony and Octavian. Brutus commits suicide.

1911: First aerial reconnaissance mission is flown by an Italian pilot over Turkish lines during the Italo-Turkish War

1942: During WWII, Britain launches major offensive at El Alamein, Egypt

1977: Paleontologist Elso Barghoorn announces the discovery of a 3.4 billion-year-old single-celled fossil, one of the earliest life forms on Earth

1981: US national debt hits $1 trillion

2001: Provisional Irish Republican Army of Northern Ireland commences disarmament following peace talks

Source: Onthisday.com