301 San Marino, one of the smallest nations in the world and the world’s oldest republic still in existence, is founded by Saint Marinus

1650 Oliver Cromwell’s English New Model Army defeats a Scottish force in a surprise attack at the Battle of Dunbar

1783 The Treaty of Paris is signed in Paris, ending the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the United States of America

1791 The new French Constitution, declaring France a constitutional monarchy, is passed by the National Assembly during the French Revolution

1900 With a proclamation by General Lord Roberts, Britain annexes the Boer Republic of South Africa

1939: World War II: Britain declares war on Germany after the invasion of Poland; France follows six hours later, quickly joined by Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and Canada

1944: Holocaust diarist Anne Frank is sent to Auschwitz concentration camp [1]

1967: Sweden begins driving on the right-hand side of the road (Dagen H)

1988: An estimated 50,000 Kurdish civilians and soldiers are killed by Iraq by this date, many using chemical weapons, in the aftermath of the Iran-Iraq War

Source: Onthisday.com