1813: Congress of Chilpancingo declares Mexico independent from Spain

1860: Republican Abraham Lincoln of Illinois is elected the 16th President of the United States of America

1913: Mahatma Gandhi is arrested for leading an Indian miners’ march in South Africa

1917: Bolshevik Revolution begins with the bombardment of the Winter Palace in Petrograd during the Russian October Revolution [OS Oct 24]

1978: Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi places the country under military rule, allowing General Gholām Reza Azhāri to form a government

Source: Onthisday.com