622: Islamic Era begins: Muhammad and his followers begin migration from Mecca to Medina (Hijra) 1054: The Great Schism between Western and Eastern churches begins when Roman Cardinal Humbert issues a bull of excommunication against Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople, on the altar of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople 1517: copy of Martin Luther’s 95 theses, […]
1099: City of Jerusalem is captured and plundered by Christian forces during the First Crusade 1381: John Ball, a leader in the Peasants’ Revolt, is hanged, drawn and quartered in the presence of Richard II of England 1410: Battle of Grunwald (First Battle of Tannenburg, Battle of Žalgiris), one of Medieval Europe’s largest battles during […]
1789: The French Revolution begins with the storming of the Bastille prison in Paris, now celebrated as Bastille Day, France’s national day 1798: US Sedition Act prohibits “any false, scandalous, and malicious writing” about the government 1850: First public demonstration of ice made via refrigeration by Florida physician John Gorrie 1933: All non-Nazi political parties […]
1772: Captain James Cook begins his second voyage to the South Seas aboard HMS Resolution to search for Terra Australis (Southern Continent) 1832: Source of Mississippi River discovered by American geographer Henry Schoolcraft 1835: Swedish-American inventor John Ericsson files for a patent for his screw propeller design 1870: King Wilhelm I of Prussia sends the […]
1192: Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Taishōgun, the first ruling shogun in the history of Japan and de facto ruler 1679: Britain’s King Charles II ratifies Habeas Corpus Act allowing prisoners’ right to a court review of the justification for their imprisonment 1790: French Revolution: The Civil Constitution of the Clergy is adopted, putting the Catholic […]
1405: Chinese fleet commander Zheng He sets sail to the Spice Islands on his first major expedition, leading 208 vessels, including 62 treasure ships with 27,800 sailors 1533: Pope Clement VII excommunicates England’s King Henry VIII 1818: English poet John Keats writes “In the Cottage Where Burns is Born,” “Lines Written in the Highlands,” and […]
1940: Battle of Britain begins as Nazi forces attack shipping convoys in the English Channel 1985: French foreign intelligence agents blow up the Greenpeace flagship Rainbow Warrior in Auckland harbor, New Zealand, to prevent it from interfering with French nuclear tests in the South Pacific. Dutch photographer Fernando Pereira is killed. 1991: Boris Yeltsin is […]
1401: Turko-Mongol ruler Tamerlane (Timur) destroys Baghdad, killing 20,000 people 1790: King Gustav III leads Swedish naval forces to victory over the Russian Baltic fleet during the Second Battle of Svensksund, destroying or capturing one-third of the Russian ships and ending the Russo-Swedish War 1868: Louisiana and South Carolina are the last states to ratify […]
1099: First Crusade: 15,000 starving Christian soldiers march in religious procession around Jerusalem as its Muslim defenders look on 1497: Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama departs on his first voyage and becomes the first European to reach India by sea 1777: Independent Vermont introduces a new constitution prohibiting slavery 1800: Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse gives the […]
1520: Hernán Cortés and the Tlaxcalans defeat a numerically superior Aztec force in the Battle of Otumba in Mexico 1807: French Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte and Russian Tsar Alexander I meet on a raft in the middle of the Neman River and sign the first Treaty of Tilsit 1937: Japanese and Chinese troops clash at the […]
