45 BC: Julian calendar takes effect for the first time by edict of Roman dictator Julius Caesar

630: Prophet Muhammad sets out with an army 10,000 strong to conquer Mecca

1758: International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature establishes the “starting point” for standardized species names across the animal kingdom based on the binomial nomenclature in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae by Carolus Linnaeus

1863: Emancipation Proclamation is issued by Abraham Lincoln to free slaves in Confederate states

1892: Ellis Island opens as a US immigration inspection station, becomes the gateway to the US for more than 12 million people

1896: German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen announces his discovery of x-rays

1958: European Economic Community comes into effect, better known as the European Common Market