1192: Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the de facto ruler of Japan. (Traditional Japanese date: July 12, 1192)

1703: The Edirne Event: Turkish army removes Sultan Mustafa II, lessening the power of the sultans

1772: King Gustav III of Sweden completes a coup d’etat by adopting a new Constitution and installing himself as an enlightened despot, ending 50 years of parliamentary rule

1888: American inventor William Seward Burroughs patents the adding machine

1911: “Mona Lisa” stolen from the Louvre by Vincenzo Perugia; recovered in 1913

1959: Hawaii becomes the 50th US state

1991: Conservative coup in the Soviet Union is crushed by popular resistance led by Boris Yeltsin in three days

Source: Onthisday.com