1485: Battle of Bosworth Field: Henry Tudor’s forces defeat English King Richard III during the last battle in the Wars of the Roses. Richard is killed, becoming the last English monarch to die in battle.

1639: Madras (now Chennai), India, is founded by the British East India Company on a sliver of land bought from local Nayak rulers

1642: English Civil War begins between Royalists and Parliamentarians

1775: King of Great Britain and Ireland, George III, proclaims the American colonies to be in open rebellion and orders his officials to suppress them

1864: First Geneva Convention adopted in Geneva “for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field” is signed by 12 nations

Source: Onthisday.com