48 BC: Caesar’s civil war: Battle of Pharsalus – Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt.

378: Battle of Adrianople: Goth army defeats Roman forces under Emperor Valens, who is killed

1790: Robert Gray’s Columbia Rediviva returns to Boston after 3 year journey, 1st American ship to circumnavigate the Globe

1898: Rudolf Diesel of Germany obtains patent #608,845 for his internal combustion engine, later known as the diesel engine

1942: Mahatma Gandhi and 50 others arrested in Bombay after passing of a “quit India” motion and campaign by the All-India Congress

1945: US drops second atomic bomb “Fat Man” on Nagasaki, Japan, destroying part of the city

1965: Singapore separates from the Federation of Malaysia and gains its independence

1974: Richard Nixon resigns as President of the United States and Vice President Gerald Ford swears the oath of office to take his place as the 38th US President

2020: Disputed Belarusian presidential election sees long time dictator Alexander Lukashenko officially win 80% of the votes but unofficially lose 60-70% of the votes to main opposition candidate Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya. Sparks widespread protests in Belarus and international condemnation.

Source: Onthisday.com