622: Islamic Era begins: Muhammad and his followers begin migration from Mecca to Medina (Hijra)

1054: The Great Schism between Western and Eastern churches begins when Roman Cardinal Humbert issues a bull of excommunication against Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople, on the altar of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople

1517: copy of Martin Luther’s 95 theses, the publication of which began the Protestant Reformation in EuropeThe Protestant Reformation

1519: Public debate between Martin Luther and theologian Johann Eck at Pleissenburg Castle in Liepzig, during which Luther denies the divine right of the Pope

1809: La Paz, Bolivia declares its independence from the Spanish Crown and forms the Junta Tuitiva led by Pedro Domingo Murillo, the first independent government in Spanish America

1940: Adolf Hitler orders preparations for the invasion of Britain (Operation Sealion)

1945: First test detonation of an atomic bomb occurs at Trinity Site, Alamogordo, New Mexico, as part of the US Manhattan Project

Source: Onthisday.com