1401: Turko-Mongol ruler Tamerlane (Timur) destroys Baghdad, killing 20,000 people 1790: King Gustav III leads Swedish naval forces to victory over the Russian Baltic fleet during the Second Battle of Svensksund, destroying or capturing one-third of the Russian ships and ending the Russo-Swedish War 1868: Louisiana and South Carolina are the last states to ratify […]
1099: First Crusade: 15,000 starving Christian soldiers march in religious procession around Jerusalem as its Muslim defenders look on 1497: Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama departs on his first voyage and becomes the first European to reach India by sea 1777: Independent Vermont introduces a new constitution prohibiting slavery 1800: Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse gives the […]
1520: Hernán Cortés and the Tlaxcalans defeat a numerically superior Aztec force in the Battle of Otumba in Mexico 1807: French Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte and Russian Tsar Alexander I meet on a raft in the middle of the Neman River and sign the first Treaty of Tilsit 1937: Japanese and Chinese troops clash at the […]
1348: Papal bull of Pope Clement VI issued during the Black Death states Jews are not to blame and encourages their protection 1775: Congress issues the “Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking up Arms”, written by Thomas Jefferson and John Dickinson and lists American grievances but denies any intent to be independent 1785: […]
1687: Isaac Newton’s great work, “Principia,” is published by the Royal Society in England, outlining his laws of motion and universal gravitation 1811: Venezuelan Declaration of Independence: Seven provinces declare independence from Spain 1852: Fugitive slave Frederick Douglass delivers his ‘What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?’ speech to the Ladies’ Anti-Slavery Society […]
1776: US Congress proclaims the Declaration of Independence and independence from Great Britain 1785: Geologist James Hutton publicly reads an abstract of his theory of uniformitarianism for the first time at a meeting of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1803: The Louisiana Purchase is announced to the American people by President Thomas Jefferson 1838: Huskar […]
324: Battle of Adrianople: Roman Emperor Constantine I defeats his co-emperor Licinius, who flees to Byzantium 1863: Battle of Gettysburg, the largest battle ever fought on the American continent, ends in a major victory for the Union during the US Civil War 1884: Dow Jones publishes its first stock index, the Dow Jones Transportation Average […]
626: Xuanwu Gate Incident: Chinese Tang dynasty prince Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival brothers, Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji, and forces Emperor Gaozu to name him heir to the throne 1776: Continental Congress resolves “these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be Free and Independent States” 1823: Bahia Independence Day: End […]
1690: Army of Protestant King William III of England defeats deposed Roman Catholic King James II in the Battle of the Boyne at Oldbridge, Ireland 1858: Joint reading of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace’s papers on evolution to the Linnean Society renders audience awestruck and silent [1] 1863: Battle of Gettysburg begins in Pennsylvania, […]
1520: Spanish conquistadors are expelled from Tenochtitlan following an Aztec revolt against their rule under Hernán Cortés during “La Noche Triste” (the Night of Sadness). Many soldiers drown in the escape, and Aztec emperor Moctezuma II dies in the struggle. 1860: Famous debate on Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution is held at Oxford University Museum, […]
