622: Prophet Muhammad arrives in Yathrib (Medina)

1519: Spanish expedition led by Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan sets off on the first successful circumnavigation of the globe (Magellan is killed en route)

1604: Siege of Ostend ends after Dutch and English forces surrender the city, allowing Ambrosio Spinola’s Spanish army to recapture the devastated city and end one of the bloodiest sieges in history that caused an estimated 100,000 casualties

1854: Battle of the Alma: British, French, and Ottoman alliance defeats the Russian Empire in the first major battle of the Crimean War

1870: Rome is captured by the Italian army after Pope Pius IX surrenders to King Victor Emmanuel II, unifying Italy and ending the 1,116-year reign of the Papal States

1990: East Germany and West Germany both ratify the reunification plan

2001: In an address to a joint session of Congress and the American people, US President George W. Bush declares a “war on terror”

2019: Students from 185 countries stage the world’s largest-ever protest on climate change, culminating in a Manhattan rally led by Greta Thunberg

Source: Onthisday.com