1192: Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Taishōgun, the first ruling shogun in the history of Japan and de facto ruler

1679: Britain’s King Charles II ratifies Habeas Corpus Act allowing prisoners’ right to a court review of the justification for their imprisonment

1790: French Revolution: The Civil Constitution of the Clergy is adopted, putting the Catholic Church in France under the control of the state

1804: Former United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton dies after being shot in a pistol duel the previous day by Vice President Aaron Burr, near Weehaken, New Jersey

1863: British forces invade the Waikato in New Zealand, home of the Māori King Movement, beginning a new phase of the New Zealand Wars between the colonial government and allied Māori tribes on one side and Māori on the other [1]

1913: 150,000 Ulstermen gather and resolve to resist Irish Home Rule by force of arms as the British Liberals promise the Irish nationalists Home Rule, making civil war appear imminent

1943: Battle of Prokhorovka: Soviet forces clash with German forces in one of the largest tank battles in history, considered a German tactical victory but allowed the Soviets to successfully defend Prokhorovka and created the conditions for their decisive Belgorod–Kharkov counteroffensive

1957: US Surgeon General Leroy Burney links smoking to lung cancer

Source: Onthisday.com